An Agile-focused Mind-set in Project Management Essay

An Agile-focused Mind-set in Project Management - Essay Example On the other hand, a scum master’s responsibility is more than that of a facilitator and a coach, a role that rest between the customer and the project. Further, he does not manage the team that comes up with the work, but rather supports the owner of the product, coaches the team, and ensures that Scrum processes are held on to. For example, in the article, Scrum recommends that unlike a project manager, the scrum master ought to be a servant leader by doing away with all the obstructions of the team (Schwaber & Sutherland, 2011). In my opinion, Agile project management does not need to have its own Body of Knowledge similar to Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). This is for the reason that there are lots of factors that influence the management process that may make it difficult to implement the Body of Knowledge idea. For example, Michael Dubakov who is a blog author argues that Agile is a special company with special staff on the development team already. In addition, Agile has unique rules and conditions as well as other external factors that favor its

Womens Rights Essay Example for Free

Womens Rights Essay Women’s Rights have changed without a doubt since 1945. Many opportunities arose for women and women could do things they could never do before. They were able to voice their opinions without being suppressed and this made women very happy. Prior to 1945, women’s rights were limited in areas such as politics, employment opportunities and social opportunities available to them. Largely, women were expected to be wives, mothers and work within the home; this was particularly the case for middle class women who did not suffer the financial burden of providing for their families. Prior to 1945, women had limited opportunities to voice their concerns and interests in public spaces and often suffered without legal or social support within abusive family situations. This began to change with the rise of second wave feminist movement which focused in equality for women. Politics Prior to 1945, women had limited voices to discuss issues of equality in the political arena. This changed as feminists such as Germaine Greer wrote and encouraged women to be politically active. The Women’s Electoral Lobby formed in 1972 which lobbied for childcare and maternity leave. In 1975, the Whitlam Government elected women’s representative; Elizabeth Reid to address women’s rights in the political arena. Employment During the early 1970s, there was a significant push to make tertiary education in Australia more accessible to working and middle class Australians. The Whitlam Labor Government abolished university fees on January 1st 1974. Equal pay progression was up to 1974 including an adult minimum wage. Different jobs were available to women due to free tertiary education allowing social mobility. Social mobility was the ability to change social classes. The Anti-Discrimination (1985) made it unable to discriminate on the grounds of gender or pregnancy. Social Change Women’s rights within society and the home as well as expectations altered as women gained greater voices within society. In 1961, the introduction of the Birth Control Pill allowed middle class women to control when they could have children. The Family Law Act (1975) established the principle of no-fault divorce in Australian law. This means that a court does not consider which partner was at fault in the marriage breakdown. To conclude, women’s rights have undoubtedly changed since 1945. The key areas were politics, employment and social change. After 1945 was the era in which the woman would shine.

Identifying QUALCOMM Intellectual Property :: essays research papers

Report on Identifying and Protecting QUALCOMM Inc. Intellectual Property Introduction QUALCOMM Incorporated is a leader in developing and delivering innovative digital wireless communications products and services based on the Company's CDMA digital technology. Headquartered in San Diego, Calif., QUALCOMM has boasted more than 3,000 patent portfolios in wireless industry and has licensed its essential CDMA patent portfolio to more than 125 telecommunications equipment manufacturers worldwide. Under the protection of those IP, QUALCOMM continues to enable the enterprise, network operators and manufacturers, developers and wireless end-users by providing technology innovation and leadership in the telecommunications industry worldwide. This paper will give you a brief analysis on the key forms of QUALCOMM IP, the potential threats and also a general framework to effectively address the intellectual property issues and manage the legal IP risks. QUALCOMM originally made its name known through pioneering and commercializing its CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) digital wireless technology, is now one of the leading enablers of 3G wireless products and services. QUALCOMM spearheads the evolution and growth of 3G wireless by developing CDMA2000Â ® 1X, 1xEV-DO and WCDMA (UMTS) chipsets and end-to-end solutions for network operators and equipment manufactures, as well as other participants in the wireless value chain such as applications developers, publishers and content providers. CDMA works by converting speech into digital information, which is then transmitted as a radio signal over a wireless network. Using a unique code to distinguish each different call, CDMA provides excellent voice capacity and data capability by enabling many more people to share the airwaves at the same time---without static, cross-talk or interference. Because of its advantage, CDMA serves as the foundation for 3G services worldwide. QUALCOMM’s major products and services are generated by three categories of technologies. First is CDMA2000 1x & CDMA2000 1xEV-DO chipsets and solutions, which provide voice and data capabilities within a standard 1.25 MHz CDMA channel for outstanding spectral efficiency and flexibility. Developed as a direct evolution from the previous generation of proven CDMA systems, QUALCOMM’s CDMA2000 technologies provide the easiest, most cost-effective path to 3G services for CDMA operators. The second product the company supplies is Wideband CDMA (UMTS) chipsets and solutions, an approved 3G standard that uses 5 MHz channels for both voice and data. In the area of WCDMA (UMTS) development, QUALCOMM developed the world’s first commercially available, fully integrated WCDMA (UMTS) chipset solutions and now offers complete solutions to support high-speed WCDMA (UMTS) networks worldwide.

How Does Steinbeck Presents Curley’s Wife in of Mice and Men Essay

Curley’s wife is a significant personality in the novel. John Steinbeck presents her in different ways during the novel and uses different methods to influence the reader’s judgement, for instance through her look, as she is a complex character. Significantly Steinbeck makes it clear that nurture turns her into the person she is in the novel, her nature is different. He uses language to show us who she is as revealed by colour and light symbolism; incongruity of her appearance and the setting; simile. For the majority of the book she is labelled in a negative way as a treacherous, kittenish character which could be interpreted as a replication of the way civilization observed the character of women in the novel. Sometimes, Steinbeck includes thoughts denouncing Curley’s wife. He also points out some of her good qualities. Due to this, readers can interpret for themselves if Steinbeck thinks highly of her, or if he does not like her. Nevertheless later in the book Steinbeck deploys the reader into seeing her as complex, and feeling consideration for Curley’s wife; revealing her as a victim, anxious and secluded in a man’s world. Although he may go back and forth on Curley’s wife, in the end, Steinbeck is mainly condemning her. Steinbeck explores her as attractive towards man through her beauty and an attention seeker. In the passage the first words that Steinbeck uses are that â€Å"Both men glanced up,† and through this we are introduced to Curley’s wife through her effect on men and not through any notion of herself, which Steinbeck does to show us she is only worthy for the use of men. The word glanced up shows that she want men to look at her for she is has the beauty of an actress. Not extended moment when Steinbeck exaggerates â€Å"the rectangle of sunshine in the doorway way cut off. † Here, Steinbeck uses the light symbolically to highlight how imposing she is and present the idea that she is the obstacle to a better life. The image of Curley’s wife casting a shadow across the bunkhouse hints at trouble to come later in the novel. It soon becomes apparent that Curley’s wife is an outsider of the group when it states, â€Å"A girl was standing there looking in,† hence is a metaphor for the segregation she senses. It could be insightful of the gender roles at the time; women were only desired for men’s erotic desires rather than their company. One could also deduce it as how likewise to a ‘girl’, (which she ironically is no longer), she is in search of thoughtfulness and requires all eyes to be on her by standing in the sight of the whole world and might be realised as attempting to listen in on their conversation – both very juvenile schemes. Therefore Steinbeck presents Curley’s Wife in â€Å"Of Mice and Men† as someone who is very eye-catching and courtesy inquirer. On the other hand, he portrays her as isolated and discriminated by men as she is excluded for being female, which sometimes lead to violence. This is illustrated when she is called ‘tart’, ‘jailbait’, and ‘bitch’ by the men on the ranch; henceforth the ranch is a very hostile and misogynistic place. Curley’s Wife is an outsider and seems very out of place. She is frequently found in examine for companionship on the ranch as her recently found marriage does not give her the warmth she desires, as she states to Lennie â€Å"I don’t like Curley he aint a nice fella,† and due to this she often tries to cooperate with the other men although she is never allowed as they think a â€Å"ranch aint no place for a girl. † Carlson also states of how a â€Å"women should be at home where she belongs. † The fact that she is excluded from a place of physical work is symptomatic of how women were exposed during the 1930’s. They were not predictable to do work, but in its place stay at home and raise a family. Curley’ wife feels apprehensive because of the solitude she feels and it is made clear she is exasperated with this condition, â€Å"none of them care how I gotta live. † Nonetheless, the reader is presented with a side to an apparently playful and occasionally vindictive character. In chapter 5, Steinbeck permits Curley’s Wife’s character to eloquent emotions of loneliness, â€Å"I get lonely† and â€Å"I get awful lonely†. The use of repetition is used to give emphasis to the remoteness and frustration of not being able to talk to â€Å"nobody but Curley†, her hindrance which incessantly exteriors as she speaks to Lennie. Moreover, for the period of the scene Steinbeck describes as such â€Å"And then her words tumbled out in a passion of communication, as though she hurried before her listener could be taken away†. The word â€Å"tumbled† recommends her frantic need to communicate to people, at the same time as the expression â€Å"passion† demonstrates her authority and strength needed to interconnect. Yet, what is predominantly conspicuous is she is used to people walking away from her when she speaks, this generates such consideration for her. In this chapter she is also presented as a moderate and approachable character, as Steinbeck describes â€Å"she consoled him. ‘Don’t you worry any’ [†¦] she moved closer to him and spoke soothingly. † The fact that she spoke â€Å"soothingly† suggests that she has a kind nature, and asked in a maternal way when Lennie needed such gentleness. The reader can then relate this sudden behaviour transformation and her upcoming, but the syrupiness she bounces off blurs the reader’s sight to floral it. All the way through the novel as similar to Crooks, Curley’s Wife is not named. This highlights her lack of identity on the ranch and how she is viewed as the property of her husband as well as the word â€Å"live† indicates that she also is a living human being who wants to fulfil her dreams and desires but it would be impossible for her. As a result of her insecurities, she tries to combat her loneliness and sequestration by resorting to violence. Her vicious attacks on Crooks to getting him â€Å"strung up on a tree† and the attacks on Lennie due to his mental disability show how loneliness can not only change a person, but destroy them. All of the emotions Curley’s Wife encounters come as a result of the loneliness she feels, and these clearly represent of what a terrifying character she is. Therefore Steinbeck describes Curley’s wife as isolated and discriminate due to her gender of a female throughout the novel. Equally, at the end of the novel, she is presented as innocent and purified from all the trouble through the description of her appearance. This can be seen in chapter 6 when Steinbeck explains â€Å"Curley’s wife lay with a half-covering of yellow hay. And the meanness and the plannings and the discontent and the ache for attention were all gone from her face. She was very pretty and simple, and her face was sweet and young. Now her rouged cheeks and her reddened lips made her seem alive and sleeping very lightly. The curls, tiny little sausages, were spread on the hay behind her head, and her lips were parted. As happens sometimes, a moment settled and hovered and remained for much more than a moment. And sound stopped and movement stopped for much, much more than a moment. † From this passage, the reader can acknowledge the real Curley’s wife but at the same time feel sorry for her as her dream was unfulfilled. The phrase â€Å"meanness (†¦ ) plannings (†¦) discontent (†¦) were all gone from her face† shows that she is no longer vicious and dangerous as all the negativity vanished. Most importantly the phrase â€Å"roughed cheeks and reddened lips† conveys that her dream is unfulfilled and the repetition of â€Å"stopped† to emphasise stillness and the feelings of time standing still. Therefore Steinbeck does not present her as a negative character, but at the time of her death he shows the reader the real her as it was not her nature but nurture that made her what she was. In contrast Curley’s Wife at first is portrayed as a revolting unpleasant woman. Curley’s Wife is described by Steinbeck many times as â€Å"roughed lips and wide-spaced eyes. Her fingernails were red. † this causes the reader to think of her as he says so. Nonetheless, despite these brutal views of her, the reader is presented with a side to a seemingly flirtatious and sometimes malevolent character. The repetition of the colour â€Å"red† denotes the fact that she is very dangerous and cause lot of trouble as the colour red is frequently associated to blood and murder which foreshadows the scenes later on in the novel. An alternative interpretation could be that red is also represent as the colour of love and she is wanting to be love, but many readers would link it to her actress personality as most actress love to dress a lot. Not so long, Steinbeck describes her hair as â€Å"her hair hung in little rolled clusters, like sausages,† and this simile shocks the reader because sausages are disliked and filthy, so linking it to her means that she is also disliked. Furthermore as sausages do not match with hair, the same way she is not suitable for a place like the ranch. Therefore Steinbeck portrays Curley’s wife as a woman who is dangerous and disliked by linking her with words that supports the point. John Steinbeck points out many flaws in Curley’s wife. For example, he does this when he writes, â€Å"she leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward† (Page 51). In this statement, Steinbeck is pointing out that Curley’s wife always tries to instigate something. He also describes her body image and how provocative she is, always looking for attention. Steinbeck says many more things to condemn Curley’s wife, but that is not all that he says about her. Steinbeck also defends Curley’s wife. He writes of how lonely she is, and describes her as innocent as the rabbits and puppy killed by another character, Lennie. For instance, Curley’s wife says, â€Å"Think I don’t want to talk to somebody ever’ once in a while? Think I like to stick in that house alla time? †(Page 77). In this statement, Curley’s wife implies that she is tired of being lonely and wants to talk to other people. As much as Steinbeck appears to flip-flop on his view of Curley’s wife, readers can draw different conclusions.

Women in the Early 19th Century

The American experiment that began as a Republic after ratification of the Constitution created political, social, and economic participation for its citizens, but not for women. The status of women in the early 19th century was shaped by economic considerations, religious beliefs, and long-held notions of female inferiority. While poor, laboring women suffered the most, the characteristics of inequality were evident in all social classes. The Proper Role of Women in the Early RepublicThe early 19th century experienced a shift, at least for women in the urban centers of the Northeast, from the household economies that reflected an agricultural society to the necessity of linking female responsibilities with their husband’s careers. For lower class women, this meant supplementing family income by working either in early industrial mills, as domestic servants, or vending on city streets. Upper middle class women focused on social endeavors tied to their husband’s employme nt and continued social upper mobility.This included supervising servants, facilitating parties, and raising the children. Women who voiced any political activism were frowned upon. Perhaps the only place a woman might venture such opinions was around the dinner table. Above all, women were equated with virtue and purity. Middle and upper class women devoted time to helping charities that sought to alleviate the plight of the poor, especially widows and abandoned mothers with children. They worked with Protestant missions and labored to save poor women from prostitution.Due to the cult of female purity, they were viewed as being the best teachers, the â€Å"moral guardians† of society. Women in the Working Class In the early 19th century, many Northeast cities, especially port cities, saw an increase in crude mass production industries, as in the first textile mills. One result was the use of poor class women working for cheap wages, often to augment their husband’s me ager incomes. Some poor women left the cities during periods of harvest to assist farmers needing cheap laborers.Others earned meager sums vending on city streets. Still others worked in the growing sewing trades or as domestic servants. Single mothers, however, were often forced to rely on the Almshouses and the various charities geared toward the poor. Widows had a particularly difficult time. Historian Christine Stansell, in her 1986 study of New York women 1789 to 1860, writes that â€Å"widowhood was virtually synonymous with impoverishment. † Another result of the changes in female status was the slow decline in birthrates.Historians John D’Emilio and Estelle B. Freedman state that, â€Å"Economic interest encouraged some families to have fewer children. † They demonstrate a possible correlation of the rise of industrialization and the decline of agricultural pursuits with steadily lowering birthrates throughout the 19th century. Impact of Protestant Theol ogical Shifts By the early 19th century, Protestantism had discarded earlier notions of man’s relationship to God. This was particularly true of the Calvinist principle of predestination.Religion focused on an individual relationship with God and placed on man a greater sense of controlling one’s destiny. These views were being shaped by Transcendentalism as well as the emphasis on personal commitment coming out of the Second Great Awakening. Such views had a direct impact on sexuality and lowering birthrates. Sexuality was no longer simply a loveless act of procreation. Thus, families limited the number of children based on their economic situation. Still, the changing attitude was not universal and men and women had numerous children, especially in rural, farm areas.Lucretia Mott, an early advocate of women’s rights, for example, had six children. Female Status in the Early 19th Century Although the expectations of women in the early 19th century were shifting , their status within a patriarchal society remained the same. Politically, they were powerless. Job opportunities were severely limited. Because of the social expectations that tied female dependence on men, single women and widows were the most vulnerable. Even upper middle class women were doomed to conform to patterns of daily life that were dictated by their husbands.

The Very First Mickey Mouse Cartoons

The Very First Mickey Mouse Cartoons In April 1928, cartoonist/animator Walt Disney had just had his heart broken when his distributor stole his popular character, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, from him. On the long, depressing train ride home from getting this news, Disney drew a new character- a mouse with round ears and a big smile. A few months later, the new, talking Mickey Mouse was first shown to the world in the cartoon Steamboat Willie. Since that first appearance, Mickey Mouse has become the most recognizable cartoon character in the world. It All Started With an Unlucky Rabbit During the silent film era of the 1920s, Charles Mintz, Walt Disney’s cartoon distributor, asked Disney to come up with a cartoon that would rival the popular Felix the Cat cartoon series that played before silent motion pictures in movie theaters. Mintz came up with the name â€Å"Oswald the Lucky Rabbit† and Disney created the mischievous black and white character with straight, long ears. Disney and his artist employee Ubbe Iwerks made 26 Oswald the Lucky Rabbit cartoons in 1927. With the series now a hit, costs rose increasingly higher as Disney wanted to make the cartoons better. Disney and his wife, Lillian, took a train trip to New York in 1928 to renegotiate a higher budget from Mintz. Mintz, however, informed Disney that he owned the character and that he had lured most of Disney’s animators to come draw for him. Learning a depressing lesson, Disney boarded the train back to California. On the long trip home, Disney sketched a black and white mouse character with big round ears and a long skinny tail and named him Mortimer Mouse. Lillian suggested the livelier name of Mickey Mouse. As soon as he reached Los Angeles, Disney immediately copyrighted Mickey Mouse (as he would all the characters he would later create). Disney and his loyal artist employee, Ubbe Iwerks, created new cartoons with Mickey Mouse as the adventurous star, including Plane Crazy (1928) and The Gallopin’ Gaucho (1928). But Disney had trouble finding a distributor. First Sound Cartoon When sound became the latest in film technology in 1928, Walt Disney researched several New York film companies in the hopes of recording his cartoons with sound to make them stand out. He struck a deal with Pat Powers of Powers Cinephone System, a company that offered the novelty of sound with film. While Powers added sound effects and music to the cartoon, Walt Disney was the voice of Mickey Mouse. Pat Powers became Disney’s distributor and on November 18, 1928, Steamboat Willie (the world’s first sound cartoon) opened at the Colony Theater in New York. Disney himself did all the character voices in the seven-minute-long film. Receiving rave reviews, audiences everywhere adored Mickey Mouse along with his girlfriend Minnie Mouse, who also made her first appearance in Steamboat Willie. (By the way, November 18, 1928 is considered the official birthday of Mickey Mouse.) The first two cartoons, Plane Crazy (1928) and The Gallopin’Gaucho (1928), were then released with sound, with more cartoons on the way with additional characters, including Donald Duck, Pluto, and Goofy. On January 13, 1930, the first Mickey Mouse comic strip appeared in newspapers around the country. Mickey Mouse Legacy While Mickey Mouse gained the popularity of fan clubs, toys, and worldwide fame, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit faded into obscurity after 1943. As the Walt Disney Company grew over the decades into a mega-entertainment empire, including feature-length motion pictures, television stations, resorts and theme parks, Mickey Mouse remains the icon of the company as well as the most recognizable trademark in the world. In 2006, the Walt Disney Company acquired the rights to Oswald the Lucky Rabbit.

Innovation Report for Bajaj Essays

Innovation Report for Bajaj Essays Innovation Report for Bajaj Essay Innovation Report for Bajaj Essay 1. A critical review of its overall business strategy. (15%) Introduction of the company The group was founded in 1926, from the height of the British independent movement in India has a glorious history. Bajaj Group is one of the top 10 commercial establishments in India. Its footprint across a wide range of industry sectors, including automobiles (two-wheelers and three-wheelers). The Groups flagship company, Bajaj Auto, is listed as the worlds fourth largest two-and three-wheeled motorcycle manufacturer Bajaj brand is well-known in several countries of Latin America, Africa, Middle East, South Asia and Southeast Asia. ttp://www. bajajauto. com/bajaj_corporate. asp * Company profile, (vision ,mission, brief history) Vision and Mission Statement Bajaj line of, vision and mission statement they defined its brand essence and brand value. The corporate brand is the visual expression of their own thoughts and actions convey their intent to continue to inspire con fidence. The essence of their brand, the brand is the soul of the enterprise. They are doing their own brand value, its value learning, innovation, perfection, speed and transparency. Value Learning Learning is to how Bajaj ensure positive. This is a value; it contains a knowledge platform for building a moderately prosperous notice, reasonable and decisive action. Innovation Innovation is how Bajaj creating the future. This is a value, triggering significant beyond the pursuit of more than ordinary. Perfect Perfection Perfect is how Bajaj Jishu Li new standard. This is a value to show our determination, Excel, and efforts to establish a new benchmark, all the time. Speed Speed how Bajaj convey the clear conviction. This is a value; significant response reflects our commitment to our goals and process. Transparency Transparency is how Bajaj characteristics. It is a value worth through the credibility of integrity, trust sensitivity and loyalty through interdependence. http://corporatemissions. blogspot. sg/2007/10/bajaj-auto. html A Brief History Integrity, dedication, resourcefulness and determination to succeed, today is the characteristics of the group, often be traced back to its birth in those days the tireless dedication to a common cause. Jamnalal Bajaj, founder of the Group, is a close friend and disciple of Mahatma Gandhi. In fact, Gandhi had by him and his son. This close relationship, deeply involved in his independence movement did not leave Jamnalal Bajaj too much time is spent in his new commercial enterprise. In 1942, his son, Kamalnayan Bajaj, then 27, took over the business rule. He is too close to Gandhis independence in 1947, his business is able to give his full attention. Kamalnayan Bajaj not only consolidated the Group, but also extended to a variety of production activities. The Rahul Erbaguji, Chairman of the Group, is responsible for the business in 1965. Under his leadership, the turnover of the Bajaj Autos flagship company from INR. 72 million INR. 120 billion, its expanding product portfolio and brand to find a global market. He is one of Indias most distinguished business leaders, his business acumen and entrepreneurial spirit to be respected and internationally. * Company current business situation of the company. as per the above chart company financial position is mush stable and in a strong shoes of profitability. ompany is growing and developing back to back year by year. thats the reason behind it; it started recognizing as Indias top two wheeler company and even company started globalizing very fast, it started creating footprints all over the world. before these last three years company face few number of looses thats the reason because of international crises. one of the another reason for these good business is its most challenging innova tive products and its products demand in the market, today customers wait for the innovative product of the company. Current product/technology/process/patent that the company is having. Product- Currently Bajaj auto deals in both two wheelers and three wheelers vehicles. Technology Take a long time, use DTSI technology; Bajaj introduced the three Terry Poole SPRAK plug technology spark plug in the part-load conditions for better fuel efficiency, provide unprecedented performance and efficiency and best combustion, and to ensure low emissions. Process Technology, this new status symbol Change a new, vibrant Bajaj Auto Is in close contact with customers, and believe in Speed nd innovation, to create excitement Through its products, focus on transparency. It is an identity, is to inspire confidence. It represents a new India Company. Patent Patent is in the two-wheeler sector product quality, technology up-gradation, customer service, changing environment universityessays. com/exam ple-essays/english-language/the-bajaj-auto. php universityessays. com/example-essays/english-language/the-bajaj-auto. php#ixzz2Dn3XEfa3 * Current industry (what is happening that can affect the business. Bajaj Auto introduced a new graphics engine as promised Bajaj India has launched the new 2012 models pulsars in January 2012. It was named pulsar 200ns of. It is cooled by the liquid 200cc engine of 23. 17 horsepower at 8000 rpm at 9500rpm for a maximum torque of 18. 3 nm. However, it is expected that Bajaj pulsar line to rise. The face-lift is very necessary, because the pulsar was launched nearly a decade ago. Anyway, 200ns pulsar is a new product; new exhaust layout is now below 200 Duke Engine. The pulsar 200ns new styling and technology. It has a new design alloy wheels, instrument panel, fuel tank and the side of the spoon. http://autos. maxabout. com/bikes/bajaj/pulsar-2008/pulsar-200 2. Why is it necessary for them to employ innovation into the company (20%) (Application of theory from your lectures is required. ) Your analysis on innovation will focus on any of the following within the MNC(select min 2 theories) You are expected to link /incorporate theories into the focus areas that you write. You are required to identify what is the issue that drives them to innovation. Thus you need to write on drivers to innovation. * Materials technology DTSI technology DTS-Fi wireless network connection and DTS-SI engine technology mother is very fuel-efficient. Engine technology also helps to reduce emissions and keep the environment clean and green. Technical innovations include new products and processes, product and process technology changes. If it has been on the market an innovation (product innovation) has been implemented. For example: Bajaj Pulsar 200 NS bike next technological innovation known as pulsars, it is found these days in Mumbai. Reveal of technology innovation Bajaj car in the pulsar 2001 season and release pulsar in the last edition of the 2009 season. The organization also proposed that all release occurred in the pulsar motorcycle. The pulsar 200 NS is a 4-valve pressure stage of technological innovation curiosity multiple technical innovation, providing better gas range and efficiency of the results. NS bare game. DTSI technology- Patented technologies pulsar follow road, the R D lab bike competition. In the Automotive industry, driven technology innovation in different parts of the vehicle, and this trend will continue to be observed in all the major areas such as chassis, powertrain, electronics and security, among others. Such technical developments will occur not just in these areas, the arrival of new modular assembly techniques will transform the court systems and methods together. anticiv. info/tag/technological-innovation/ http://stats. oecd. org/glossary/detail. asp? ID=2688 efytimes. com/e1/fullnews. asp? edid=16466 * Factory process control Process innovation is the implementation of a new or significantly improved production or delivery method (including significant changes in technology, equipment and / or software) small changes or improvements to increase the capacity of production or service through increased production or logistics systemis very similar to those already in use, stop using it not be seen as a process, simple capital replacement or extension, change purely from changes in the prices of the factors of production, customization, regular seasonal and cyclical nature of the change, the new trading or significantly improved product innovation. innoviscop. com/en/definitions/process-innovation For example: Bajaj Auto Total Productive Maintenance as a means to create a safe and participative work environment, the goal is to eliminate the loss of all employees, to continue to enhance the capacity, flexibility, reliability and ability to process, resulting higher staff morale to improve the profitability o f the organization. The re-design of the processes, manufacturing approach was changed towards Lean Manufacturing (in lines of Toyota Production System). Moving Towards lean production Changes in the results and focus * Retain professional and critical process of internal and outsource the rest. * Multi-model assembly line and off-line settings. * Flexible machining centers quick-change modules and tools. * One-way flow of plant layout. Lean production plants in the chakan plant * Process quality assurance (testing). * Quality Assurance SPC error proofing. * Rationalization of suppliers to consolidate in the first-tier suppliers. * Direct line supply on the basis of pull systems (kanban). * Non-store materials and products promising. Multi-skilled labor, self-monitoring and self-certification. TPM (Total Productivity Management), a Japanese methodology a SPC (Statistical process Control), manufacturing operation. scribd. com/doc/22572622/Bajaj-Auto * MarketingDesign A closer loo k shows that about 40% of the R D expenditures original equipment manufacturers and suppliers of all investments into innovation, never let the bike or never produced in sufficient quantities, due to the lack of market acceptance. Remaining 60% to 20% of necessary serial development. Another 20% is to fulfill the law of innovation, but does not add to the unique nature of the product. Under normal circumstances, these innovations do not pay off. This makes 20% of the profitable innovation investment, leaving only a small. More and more technology intense fighting in the sweet spot. Moment only about 10% of the development of automotive technology has the potential to become a blockbuster innovation. These technologies combine the two most relevant categories: the first category, the market potential is huge, including the purpose of the function, customer recognition, compliance and price level. Other classes, the high degree of innovation, the establishment of the technical differences in the market, better protection of intellectual property rights, high profits and long-term harvest. oliverwyman. com/pdf_files/CarInnovation2015_engl. pdf oliverwyman. com/pdf_files/CarInnovation2015_engl. pdf 3. What are the challenges when deployment of this innovation? (20%) Define the type of innovation use and how have they been deployed. Product innovation and challenges Write on the challenges encountered by the company when they introduced innovation. How are they overcome. What is the success todate? Compare with the previous before innovation. Support with evidence. Occupy wheeler market in India three years later, at the end of 1999, BAL consumer preferences change from the four-stroke motorcycles, motorcycle engines and forecast that this trend will continue in a higher scale. Motorcycle Sales in 2001 decreased by 41%, which is a real threat to the existence of BAL. A new set of emission standards (equivalent to Euro II emission standards) into force in 2000 two-stroke gasoline engine. Therefore, the scooters out of favor with the two-stroke engine. Applying the modified model proposed above, Bajaj Auto was losing market share due to change in consumer preferences, development of new market segments, and the availability of better products and scooters manufactured by their competitors. In the first step, the President of company Rahul Bajaj which is a change agent also identified the need for change suggested by Kurt Lewin, the current situation of making AIR hired conscious problems, a performance gap and the need for change. At the same time, he was commissioned and provided new leadership roles to the younger generation such as Rajiv Bajaj (Managing Director). In an attempt to regain market share, the company increased its production by 67. 6% in 2001 as a production motorcycle GEARED scooters fell by 44%. By 2001, the company was making as many as motorcycle gear Couple of Challenges Bajaj auto faces in between the ongoing process of innovation like lake of finance, public demand etc. The biggest challenge Bajaj auto faces is to introduce new face product in the market for which Bajaj auto is not recognized in the market, problem was hesitating will customer like the innovation or not. The second thing making barriers in doing innovation is searching for knowledge employees. Bajaj find very difficult in searching for well skilled labor and even in molding the resident employees in the changing and innovating procedure in introducing new product. Because the stage was very crucialfor company when they started applying innovation even competitors was very aggregative in doing the same so company was left with no other option then creating successful innovation. Played an important role in the success of this phase of the leadership qualities change agent change. Change agent in the chair, the current market environment analysis and to identify the importance of change, in order to maintain market share and bring success on the road to pull Hu Erbaguji, who is our mission. He figured out in different areas, such as the implementation of paragraph cruise segment, the high-end market, the best, etc. He also introduced into the company of young people, to give them more power to create customer surveys and general production requirements the idea is very important in a highly competitive market. Time and again, the 500 R and huge after the siege. Bajaj Auto Limiteds portfolio, this change, these changes in a very short time after launched a new version of the motorcycle in every aspect, as part of the implementation of the Boxer and character, the destroyer cruise segment push, the Avengers and found in the high-end market, the motorcycle industry in India, which is a huge success. This shift public by Bajaj scooter motorcycle thinking stereotype, especially the new generation, who are looking for more performance and stylish bike caused a huge impact. The turning point in this process of change is the introduction of the product, Knock and DTSI technology, to help them capture their names under the two-wheeler market, and victory over their rivals Hero Honda. In June 2006, the company announced its plans to increase the production capacity from 3. 5 million units in 2009 to 5. 1 million units a year, of which two-wheelers is 4. 6 million units of capacity. According to their plan, they recently launched 220cc variant of its popular pulsar motorcycle. 004 Bajaj Auto to change their old identity and create a new logo and brand line, in order to update its new brand identity. This proved something of a visual help to clarify the organization needs to move in the direction (Cote, 2007). These visions and their achievements, the stability of the organization in a new state of equilibrium. ukessays. com/essays/india/bajaj-auto-limited. php 4. Evaluate Business Success (40%) Compare the before implementation ( market share/position/rev enue/process/structure/strategies etc) to today’s outcome. Contrast them in terms of your writing ( theories you apply). Product innovation DTSi technology DTS-I A patented technology, achieved the pulsar follow road, the R D lab bike competition. In the heart of each pulsar is one of the countrys most advanced engine technology. DTS-i system. A technological marvel to ensure the highest performance, lowest consumption and emission levels possible. We will be happy to let a Pulsar maniac like you to know this breakthrough technology behind the secret of the pulsar. DTS-i engine Dual-spark ignition Normal ignition system has a single spark plug. Spark-generated flame front will take some time to reach the entire combustion chamber. Therefore, the combustion of the air fuel mixture is slow and incomplete. The case of two spark plugs, both spark plugs fire simultaneously. This simultaneous firing and eddy current, in the complete combustion of the air fuel mixture results. This action is the DTS-i digital control system (dual spark plug Smart CDI, TRICS III) Interests -Complete combustion of the air fuel mixture without sacrificing mileage output case, gives the maximum power. To ensure that the emissions of environmentally friendly DTS-i engine TRICS III Power and torque requirements constantly change, depending on the rider cruising, acceleration or high speed / maximum speed. The throttle response ignition control system III is an intelligent system that can quickly adapt to the ignition time, in order to adapt to different riding characteristics. Interests: TRICS III will help to achieve a good balance between the low-to mid-range torque and top-end power. This helps to easily ride in different conditions, such as flyovers, hilly terrain, dense traffic and highway cruising The TRICS III patent Bajaj Motors Limited DTS-i engine Intelligent C. D. I. Intelligent capacitor discharge ignition contains a microprocessor, which continuously sensing a different speed and the engine load, and by changing the ignition timing in response. The memory of the microprocessor together work with TRICSIII system, provide optimum ignition timing for any given engine speed, thereby obtaining the best combustion performance. Interests: Improve fuel efficiency and reduce engine noise and vibration, smoother power delivery. Bajaj Autos patent Smart CDI DTS-i engine EXHAUSTEC Exhaust is a device that is registered in the exhaust system. TEC representative of torque expansion chamber. It is fitted into a tuning box (resonators) of the exhaust manifold The low speed area, ExhaustTEC helps to create a negative pressure pulse (vacuum) of the exhaust valve to suck the air fuel mixture into the more the intake valve opening the cylinder. Interests: ExhaustTEC produce high torque. Does not require frequent shifting of flow, as the vehicle, even in the lower speed higher gear pull capability. ExhaustTEC patented by Bajaj Auto Ltd. 4 VALVES The combustion chamber has 1/3 of the area covered by the valve head of a typical 2-valve engine, but an increase of more than 50% 4-valve head region. Also improved due to the flow passage area of the intake port and an exhaust valve port / channel. This is conducive to the induction of more the amount of charge (air fuel mixture), and all the combustion gas of the combustion chamber is evacuated to ensure faster, cleaner and more efficient combustion. This engine has two intake and 2 1, 2-valve engine into a gas and the exhaust valve of the exhaust valve. These valves are small compared to the 2-valve engine, light weight. 4 valves (two intake and two exhaust valves), to improve the breathing method the engines intake and exhaust process†¦ PULSAR CLASSIC 2000 2001 October 2001 The nineties witnessed and generation was born. Work hard and party hard, Western and Indian values. The calm young Indians, masculine, stylish, well-deserved different. But they get a 100cc commuter bike. Changedforever in 2001. The first generation of pulsar is a huge success. It is not only the introduction of a new motorcycle, but also to create a new dimension performance. When the family to discuss mileage, pulsar riders start talking about torque, rebound power weight ratio. With pulsars, the bike no longer just a means of transport, rather than the person with the machine between the relationships began to be forged. Pulsar launch two variants, 150 ml and 180 ml, is indeed the man† PULSAR UG1 2002 2003 October 2003 Since the time of its launch pulsar ruled the heart of this country has been the rule of the road, and its first upgrade. Sold more than three times higher than competitive cycling, the pulsar is a rapidly bad boy on the block. Revolutionary DTS-i technology, introduced in the the excessive competition pulsar bike, it still has a clear competitive advantage. DTS-Is advertising campaign, along with the launch of this generation pulsar also redefined the Indian motorcycle ad This is the first bike ads show one wheel off the ground bike irreverent image pulsar was born. Increase power to 16 and 13 PS 180 and 150, respectively. PULSAR UG2 2004 2005 November 2004 Each pulsar upgrade two aspects styling and technology. Significant change at the same time, each time re-defined section. The game continuously toes try to keep at least just to keep behind the pulsar pulsarpulsar madman ahead. The UG2 many technology upgrades, launched during this period until the date of the pulsar, and a standard in the industry 17 alloy wheels, allowing greater suspension travel, nitrogen oxide suspension and the legendary ExhausTEC. In shape on the wider rear tire, tire environmentalists and all black cast Pulsar180. Improve the power of the 180 and 150, respectively, in 16. 5 and 13. 5 PS PULSAR UG3 2006 October 2006 Pulsar road in 2006, crossed the one million mark, many pulsar madman. Pulsar is no longer just a bike, which is a youth brand, and market leader in the field of sports, with a 50% market share, and that is to keep to the date. Our leadership, through hard work and toil Bajaj Auto Team UG3 number of the largest total upgrade, ushered in the digital age. This is the first time, digital odometer, backlight switch, self-cancel indicators, and LED taillights introduced. Multiple sensors and digital mixer bike riders overall performance, a lot of information, and promote additional power, to pulsars thrown confidence. The increased power of 14 PS 150 PULSAR200 DTS-I PULSAR220 DTS-FI 2007 2008 February 2007 Indias first bike to break 200 ml obstacles on the road Pulsar 200 and 220. Change and Pulsar bike in India once again lead this revolution. Although 200CC is equipped with a carburettor, 220cc fuel injected! These babies might throw downs power of 18 and 20 ps, and blatantly oil cooler. 220 also have front and rear disc brake. PULSAR UG4 2009 May 2009 On Road 2,000,000 pulsar delivered in three years, more than 3 million of the total number of pulsars India. This time to the sports field is also extended to the more than 15 brands from all the major manufacturers, such as Honda, Yamaha, Hero Honda, TVS. The segment accounted for about 17% of the total motorcycle sales, pulsar, its 50% market share, it still maintained a half contribution. 150 the clip-handle and 15Ps of power in February 2010. January 2010 Looking for the legendary 200 customers and the general public needs Pulsar220 also launched a deep-rooted in the minds of a Street Fighter avatar. The fastest growing segment in the motorcycle industry, 50% of the market share, more than 4 million of the pulsar is sold. Exports to over 30 countries, the pulsar is by far the biggest brands in the Indian motorcycle and eyes hegemony in the world soon. ttp://mypulsar. com/technology. aspx http://mypulsar. com/history. aspx Process Innovation Model in the late 1990s, the early 2000s will lean production * economic situation, development through liberalization * Fierce competition. * Improve the customers wishes More models and upgrades. Third level * 110% of the to do the project in the late 1990s, Bajaj Auto Lean Manufacturing at Chakan Plant * Re-design process, manufacturing methods, and change to * lean production (Toyota Production System) line. * TPM (Total Productive Management), Japans methods and SPC (statistical process control) manufacturing operations. Moving towards Lean Manufacturing * The result of the change and focus * Retention of professional and critical process of internal and outsource the rest. * Set more model assembly line and off line. * Flexible machining centres quick-change modules and tools. * The plant layout * The single one-way flow. Lean Manufacturing at Chakan Plant * The process of quality assurance (testing). * By SPC error proofing quality assurance. * Rationalization of suppliers to consolidate in a supplier. * Directly online supply based on pull systems (kanban). Of shops promising material and products. * Multi-skilledlabor force, self-monitoring and self-certification. Towards lean manufacturing a huge change * This is a huge change. * Bajaj car driving through t he railways new factory. * (About 20 km away from Pune plant) * A small number of major suppliers of railway factory. * Improve our near these plants, which gives a good advantage. Lean Manufacturing at Chakan Plant * The project 110% was supported by Project 110% IT. * Bajaj Auto implemented SAP ERP. * Towards lean manufacturing IT support * supply chain processes MRP planning schedule * Schedule SAP portal vendors visibility. * that is based on daily necessities supply lines consumption. * The introduction of the E-Kanban. * supplies sequencing the paint shop, assembly line production schedule synchronization. * JIT supply (our request) the major suppliers * Components and sub-assemblies in accordance with JIT requirements * Supply, in 2-4 hours’ time interval. Towards Lean Manufacturing Electronic Kanban * material supply and service revenue * Create on the the electronic billboards line the consumption in the system. Suppliers establish open E-Kanban quantity invoice. * verify invoice after upload to our SAP system * The use of Internet-based EDI. * Unique ASN (advanced shipping notice), each power supply. * EDI numbers is what we call * Then printed on the invoice number of bar code EDI. * Forwarded by scanning EDI No. materials in plants * The creation of genetic resources without the need for manual data entry. Towards lean manufacturing * Hair this lean supply process results. * productivity per employee Vehicles increase10 ten * Component inventory reducing the stock of the week and a half shift. finished goods inventory to reduce the stock of one to three days * Quality improvements Improved 20000 PPM 2000 PPM. * Truck turnaround time reduced four hours to half an hour. * The thethe Material United Nations load rate / class size increased to 150-350 load. * Improved the accuracy of the invoice data faster payment processing. * deployment portal vendors * Evaluation of the quality of power supply and PPM data visibility. * Invoice wise refused payment. * supplier of quality tracking supplier responsibility 5. Conclusion / Reflection (5%) Conclusion – should innovation be only once? Write and reflect your opinion. Studies have confirmed that all businesses are more innovative. The survey found that nearly 90% of companies believe that innovation is their priority. Concluded that the increasing importance of innovation, and increased significantly. In todays economic circumstances, innovation has become an important factor in the impact of strategic planning. It has been recognized, innovation and the creation of wealth. , Even if efficiency is crucial to the success of the enterprise, in the long run, it cannot sustain business growth. Today, more than ever, we need to innovate. Every organization and business is feeling the impact of globalization, migration, technological and knowledge revolutions, and  climate change  issuesInnovation will bring added value and to expand the employment base. Innovation is necessary in these difficult circumstances, improved quality of life. Innovation will make the world a better younger generation. paggu. com/getting-into-roots/what-is-innovation-why-innovation-is-important/ Proper citation is required. Assignment in report format. Words = 4,000.

Using the Spanish Verb Pensar

Using the Spanish Verb Pensar Pensar typically means to think, but it is not always used in the same way as the English verb. Most significantly, the words that follow pensar might not be the ones you would expect. Keep in mind that pensar is conjugated irregularly. When the stem pens- is stressed, it becomes piens-. Thus, the present indicative forms are pienso (I think), piensas (you think), piensa (he/she/you think), pensamos (we think), pensis (you think), piensan (they/you think). Here are the main uses of pensar: Using Pensar by Itself Most frequently, pensar, when used by itself, is the equivalent of to think. Pienso, luego existo. (I think, therefore I am.)No pienso mal de ellos. (I dont think bad of them.)El que piensa demasiado siente poco. (The one who thinks too much feels little.) Using Pensar Que Pensar que is a very common way of indicating opinions or beliefs. It often is translated appropriately as to believe rather than to think. In the positive form, it is followed by a verb in the indicative mood. Note that while que in this usage usually can be translated to English as that, it often can be left untranslated, as in third and fourth examples. Pienso que vivo como un cerdo. (I think that I live like a pig.)Mi madre piensa que el doctor es culpable. (My mother believes that the doctor is at fault.)No quiero pensar que me equivoquà ©. (I dont want to believe I made a mistake.)Tambià ©n pensbamos que la recuperacià ³n econà ³mica iba a ser ms rpida. (We also used to believe the economic recovery was going to be quicker.) When used negatively, no pensar que is followed in standard Spanish by a verb in the subjunctive mood. It is not unusual, however, to heard the indicative mood used in casual Spanish. No pienso que seamos diferentes. (I dont believe we are different.)No pensbamos que fueran a darnos problemas. (We didnt think they were going to give us any problems.)Mis amigos no piensan que yo tenga ms de 21 aà ±os. (My friends dont believe Im more than 21 years old.) Using Pensar De Pensar de is another way to say to have an opinion about. Esto es lo que pienso de tu regalo. (This is what I think about your gift.)Tenemos que cambiar de lo que pensamos de nosotros mismos. (We need to change what we think about ourselves.)Ya he indicado antes lo que pienso de la clase. (I have already indicated what I think about the class.)No es bueno preocuparse por lo que los otros piensan de usted. (It isnt good to worry yourself about what others think about about you.) Pensar sobre can also mean to have an opinion about, especially when used in a question. Pensar de is more common.  ¿Quà © piensas sobre la nueva web? (What do you think about the new web site?) ¿Quà © piensan sobre los ataques suicidas como instrumento tctico para ser utilizado en una guerra? (What do they think about suicide attacks as a tactical instrument to be used in a war?) Using Pensar En When followed by en, pensar typically means to think about in the sense of having ones thoughts focus on something. Note that this isnt the same as using to think about in the sense of having an opinion. Estoy pensando en ti. (Im thinking about you.)Pablo no piensa en los riesgos. (Paul doesnt think about the risks.)Las chicas sà ³lo piensan en divertirse. (The girls think only about having fun.)Nadie piensa en cambiar las baterà ­as. (Nobody thinks about changing the batteries.) Pensar sobre can mean basically the same thing as pensar en but is much less common and is probably overused by English speakers speaking Spanish as a second language or when translating from English to Spanish. Pienso sobre eso dà ­a y noche. (I think about it day and night.)Primero hacen y luego piensan sobre ello. (First they acted, and then they thought about it.) Following Pensar With an Infinitive When followed by an infinitive, pensar is used to indicate plans or intentions. Pensamos salir maà ±ana. (Were intending to leave tomorrow.)Yo pienso estudiar medicina de veterinaria en la universidad. (Im planning on studying veterinary medicine at the university.)Pensaron salir de Venezuela, pero decidieron permanecer. (The were planning to leave Venezuela, but they stayed.)

Academic Writing - Logical Fallacies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Academic Writing - Logical Fallacies - Essay Example The question that ‘Why don’t you love me?’ is an example of this as Marissa is assuming, by the nature of her question, that her father does not love her, asking him why he does not. As Archie (2009) notes, the assumption of the complex question can only be known from the context. Not all cases where something not generally granted is assumed are fallacious because not all such passages involve arguments. Clearly, there is no good way to respond directly to the question being posed, only to identify the presupposition or assumption of the question. A corrected version of this question might be: â€Å"If you love me, why won’t you let me use the car.† This corrected version of the question focuses back on the issue of the car, and away from whether or not her father loves her. This is an example of a straw man, which as Kahane (2005) writes, involves a misrepresentation of an opponent’s position, or a competitor’s product, or goes after a weaker opponent or competitor while ignoring a stronger one. The argument Marissa is using is an Her Dad looked at her lovingly, â€Å"No, Marissa, I don’t think you’re a child. I just don’t think it’s safe for you to take the car to a party.† She snapped, â€Å"Because it’s not safe? Well, you better take away our kitchen knives, because they aren’t safe!† example of a straw man because it misrepresents her opponent’s, her father’s position on the issue. Because the two people know each other well, Marissa can anticipate her father’s objection, which she mischaracterizes to serve her own purposes. Like an advertiser misrepresenting the competition’s products and services (Kahane), Marissa has constructed a false reality in which her opponent makes a bad argument. To correct her mistake, Marissa ought to incorporate the possibility that her father does not think she is a child by starting her sentence with an â€Å"if†, like in the following: â€Å"If you don’t think I am a child, let me take

A Marketing Plan for the Cadbury Chocolate Company Case Study

A Marketing Plan for the Cadbury Chocolate Company - Case Study Example under this, the management ensures that, before the product is promoted into the market, the characteristics of the products should be well defined to meet the needs of the consumers, the packaging of the products should be attractive to entice the customers to buy the product, the quality of the product should be perfect, that is it should have the quality that matches with the prescription of the product in the market so that it can maintain our consumers. Under this, we see that Cadbury uses its business intelligence to change the market position of its products by shifting product sizes, package designs keeping in mind the changes of its customer's tastes for this reason most of the Cadburys products, are made from real chocolate in which the ingredients include; cocoa butter and a glass and a half of cream dairy milk in every 200 grams of Cadbury dairy milk chocolate. This is used to show the good quality of Cadburys products which makes it a good factor in influencing the consu mers to buy the products. Marketing is also known to be a core leader into a successful business therefore; one should have more than a good idea of producing a nice product. So before launching a product in the market, one should be able to identify his markets and carry out research, to find out if consumers share the same desire to invest in the production. Here, Cadbury uses wholesalers and retailers to collect information about its consumers behaviors that is possible to affect its manufacturing and distribution goals, the company gets information from the warehouse, through which they make decisions to deliver the precise quantity of brand new products to retailers when in need. Cadbury uses data warehouse to calculate the impact of its trade expenditure activities. Therefore, the research methods should depend on the size and scope of the business. This may be done by examining ones own behavior, with that of the other companies, spend time in stores that promote cooking products and do some reading o n magazines, books and literature focusing on various chocolate products manufacturing. One should be encouraged to talk and listen to the potential consumers, thus enabling one to know the issues that will be faced and the encounters he will face while carrying out the business. One is also advised to hire researchers who will help him define and understand the market, if the product he intends to start is larger. The other factor that one should look into before making a decision on a particular market segmentation or what is referred to as the environments, these factors include; geographical factors, location, gender and also age of the consumers of the products, this is basically used to give the products a marketing opportunity. 2 The competitors will not be able to have the same opinions like the company's, since marketing opportunities increase when customer groups with varying needs and wants are recognized. Markets can be segmented or targeted on a variety of factors including age, gender, location, geographic factors, demographic characteristics, and family life cycle, desire for relaxation or time pressures. Segments or target markets should be accessible to the business and large enough to provide a solid customer base. Therefore, a business must analyze the needs and wants of different market

Impact of external debt on fiscal stability and economic development Case Study

Impact of external debt on fiscal stability and economic development. a of Nigeria - Case Study Example Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a new constitution was adopted in 1999, and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. The president faces the daunting task of rebuilding a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through corruption and mismanagement, and institutionalizing democracy. In addition, the NEW administration must defuse longstanding ethnic and religious tensions, if it is to build a sound foundation for economic growth and political stability. Despite some irregularities, the April 2003 elections marked the first civilian transfer of power in Nigeria's history. (Country Profile: Nigeria, Cia.gov) Although some gains were made because of this return of revenue to the regions of derivation, the proportions were actually less than 20% of national revenue totals so in fact the regions experienced very little financial or budgetary momentum, setting up an easy move toward hyper-centralisation of the revenue-sharing system during the era of military rule from 1966-1979. (Suberu, 2002). By the early 1980's Nigeria had become very dependent on oil, which accounted for 96% of export earnings, 81% of government earnings and 22% of GDP (Ogbe, 1992). Oil wealth increased dependence on imported goods while local industries were ignored. Consumption of imported goods became the order of the day. The 1981 oil glut cau... The 1981 oil glut caused the economy to suffer from price distortion and an overvalued currency. Heavy dependence on importation left the government unprepared to deal with a prolonged period of depressed international oil prices. The sharp decline in oil prices affected domestic production, leading to deterioration in the balance of payments and government finances. The government financed the shortfalls by borrowing, drawing down on external reserves, and amassing of debts on external trade payments. Chapter 2 Literature Review (Historical View) The president had shown greater commitment to implementing liberal economic reforms in his second and last term in office, but still faces a huge task to if he is to turn around the corruption ridden, heavily indebted and oil dependent economy. Mr. Obasanjo may also pursue controversial reforms, such as constitutional changes, to shake up Nigeria's crisis-prone political system. However, these are likely to be resisted by powerful groups with vested interests in maintaining the status quo. Given the background of ethnic and religious divisions, widespread poverty and political disillusionment, there is a risk that the reform drive could destabilize the country if not properly managed. However, assuming that the president is able to navigate Nigeria's turbulent political waters and achieve some progress with reform-against the background of ongoing growth in the oil and gas sector. Political outlook - Legislation had been presented to the National Assembly seeking to curb the powers of the trade unions. Given the controversial nature of the proposed reform, the government may have opened a battle with the unions that proves difficult to win while diverting energy from

Mechanical Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mechanical Engineering - Essay Example The engineering discipline possesses characteristics such as flexibility, individuality, and breadth. In terms of career paths, the individuals determine which category of mechanical engineering they are to deal with or engage in. This is as a result of its breadth and wide boundaries. This is especially advantageous to the current changing society therefore one can satisfactorily decide which career path to follow and not moving out of the core career. Mechanical engineering is found on the basis of mathematics, design, mechanics, heat and energy, engineering sciences and manufacturing. The mechanics discipline of mechanical engineering includes fluids which may range from water to hypersonic gases and motion of particles. Engineers in this field are involved in research, manufacture, development, design and testing of machines, engines and other mechanical devices. They usually work on various devices in particular power producing devices like internal combustion engines, gas turbines, steam turbines, and electric generators. This is just but to mention a few. They are also involved in power consumption machines like air conditioning and refrigeration, material handling systems, escalators, robots to be used in the manufacturing industry, elevators and industrial production equipment. This field of engineering requires core skills and expertise in structural analysis, kinematics, thermodynamics, material science and mechanics. It is through the use of these core concepts that the mechanical engineers are able to achieve their objectives in work. The engineers use various tools like product life cycle management and computer aided tools for the design and analysis work of the heating and cooling systems, motor vehicles, robotics and medical among others. This engineering discipline emerged during the European industrial revolution in the 19th century however its development can be

Violence in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Violence in the Workplace - Essay Example In 2008, Roy observed that workplace violence was assuming great importance for modern businesses. Quoting the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, he observes that on an average working day, 3 people are murdered on the job, 1000000 workers are assaulted and more than 1,000 are murdered every year in the U.S. According to the Labor Department, killing at the work place is the second major contributor to death on the job after road accidents. Statistics show that 111,000 incidents of work-place violence cost employers and others an estimated 6.2 million in 1992. With the issue of violence at the workplace gaining higher attention, many state bodies are coming together to combat this social threat. The 9/11 attacks gave a completely new perspective to violence at the workplace. The incident made the world wake up to the fact that a threat need not be limited to workers only, but could also be in the form of terrorists attacks from outside the workplace. The FBI's National Center for the Analysis of Violence Crime (NCAVC), Critical Incident Response Group (CIRG), coordinated with a select group of experts from law enforcement, private industry, government, law, labor, professional organizations, victim services, the military, academia, mental health, and CIRG's Crisis Negotiations Unit in 2004 and discussed the problem at length. "Workplace Violence: Issues in Response," a document detailing the duties of an employer, employee, the role of the state has been the written outcome of this effort. While there are no written rules about hiring or verifying the credentials of a prospective employee, the agencies have advised employers to exert utmost care in recruiting new people. Also, while businesses are bound by law to safeguard the employees' welfare and security under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, they can in no way guarantee complete safety for the employees from external threats. They can at most ensure that the workplace is "free from recognized hazards " in accordance with the "General Duty Clause." . To properly implement the civil rights requiring employers to protect employees from various forms of violence, it becomes essential fro the employers to pay extra attention to each employee's activities within and outside of the workplace. However, keeping a tab on such activities might lead to issues of privacy, defamation and discrimination against some employees. Not only while hiring, but also while firing employees, organizations have to be very careful th at the disgruntled employee doesn't become a threat to the company. As discussed in the paper, sometimes laws meant to protect an employee's rights become an obstacle in ensuring the employer's rights. The American Disabilities Act might prove a hurdle for an employer if the concerned person shows signs of being a threat to the company, but is not ready for counseling. Thus, while we can safely conclude that instances of violence at the workplace are increasing at a rapid rate, organizations have to be prepared for any kind of emergency. While hiring new people, they should also keep in mind the past records of the employee and take hints

Mechanical Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mechanical Engineering - Essay Example The engineering discipline possesses characteristics such as flexibility, individuality, and breadth. In terms of career paths, the individuals determine which category of mechanical engineering they are to deal with or engage in. This is as a result of its breadth and wide boundaries. This is especially advantageous to the current changing society therefore one can satisfactorily decide which career path to follow and not moving out of the core career. Mechanical engineering is found on the basis of mathematics, design, mechanics, heat and energy, engineering sciences and manufacturing. The mechanics discipline of mechanical engineering includes fluids which may range from water to hypersonic gases and motion of particles. Engineers in this field are involved in research, manufacture, development, design and testing of machines, engines and other mechanical devices. They usually work on various devices in particular power producing devices like internal combustion engines, gas turbines, steam turbines, and electric generators. This is just but to mention a few. They are also involved in power consumption machines like air conditioning and refrigeration, material handling systems, escalators, robots to be used in the manufacturing industry, elevators and industrial production equipment. This field of engineering requires core skills and expertise in structural analysis, kinematics, thermodynamics, material science and mechanics. It is through the use of these core concepts that the mechanical engineers are able to achieve their objectives in work. The engineers use various tools like product life cycle management and computer aided tools for the design and analysis work of the heating and cooling systems, motor vehicles, robotics and medical among others. This engineering discipline emerged during the European industrial revolution in the 19th century however its development can be

SWOT analysis for Gymboree Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SWOT analysis for Gymboree - Essay Example 1) Size of the Company: Gymboree Corporation runs more than 900 retail stores. This gives the firms an edge over its competitors and allows the company to operate on a large scale enjoying the economies of scale. 2) Multinational Operations: The firm is found to be present in more than one country. This means that the firm does not have all its eggs in one basket and it can weather the storm by offsetting a plummeting demand effect in one country against booming demand in another. 3) Not dependent on one large supplier: The firm’s supplies come from India, China, Indonesia and other countries. This saves the firm from relying heavily on one large supplier and hence suppliers cannot put unnecessary stress on the company. (Daft, 1994) 1) Heavy Dependence on One Major Buying Agent: One buying agent of the company manages 90% of the firm’s inventory purchases. This means that if some goes wrong with this buying agent, the entire business will suffer 2) Computer Dependence: The firm’s operations are highly mechanized. The firm is characterized by extensive use of computer. However, any computer failure can cost the firm dearly as the entire firm’s processes are dependent on computerized instructions. Improvement in Communication and Transportation Facilities: In the last few years, the improvement in the infrastructural facilities has helped the company to receive its supplies on time and instructions to the suppliers can now be made quickly due to ever improving communication facilities. E-Commerce: Improvement in information technology has helped the company to sell online. This is reflected in the company’s financial statements which now show increase in the profits as compare to the last few years. It has helped the company to sell in countries where it is not physically present. (Chrystal and Lipsey, 2003) Economic

Gender Communication Essay Example for Free

Gender Communication Essay The concept of gender is often poorly differentiated with sex, at times even being utilized synonymously with sex. The terminology gender commonly appears within both popular and academic discourses regarding social event dynamics. However, regardless of the form in which the term appears, authors seldom specify what they imply by the terminology. It is widely assumed that readers and listeners already comprehend the connotation and hence explanation is ruled out as being unnecessary. The sex/gender disparity embodies some feminists’ attempts at breaking the link between the organic sex category and the social gender category. As per this social molding viewpoint, gender refers to the customary sense which ultimately becomes dependently linked to the body. When gender becomes understood to be culturally molded, it becomes likely to evade the essentialist notion which suggests that gender emanates for the organic body (Clancy, 2004). However, despite the fact that the disparity between culturally molded gender responsibilities and ahistorical organic sexes attacks the idea that females’ organic configuration make up their social fate, it encounters some difficult dissociation of culturally-derived genders out of sexed bodies. Women and men exhibit dissimilar but similarly valid communication styles. The speaking modes displayed by both women and men have gender differentials. Essentialism belief holds that, since biological disparities between men and women exist, men and women are obviously dissimilar with regard to personality and character. Strict organic essentialism proposes that ones gender construction is not influenced by nurture. Essentialists assume men to be aggressive, strong, violent, logical, brave, lustful, independent and disciplined. Conversely, women are viewed as being passive, weak, cowardly, gentle, emotional, having no sexual appeal, having no stamina and self-control plus extremely invested in their associations with other persons. Aristotle suggested that men are more courageous, virtuous and noble as compared to women. The 1900s saw philosophers like John Locke and Emmanuel Kant argue that the social separation of female and male gender is reasonable owing to the innate disparities between female and male bodies. Scientist in the 1900s studied studies on female and male bodies and proposed that since male craniums were bigger in comparison to female craniums and feminine pelvises proved bigger than masculine pelvises, males are more suited for business, politics and general community life, whereas females whose little craniums supposedly signified lesser intellect, were most suitable to child bearing and home tending (http://www. humboldt. edu/~mpw1/gender_theory/perspectives4. shtml). The ramifications of essentialist gender perspectives are extensive. Conventional gender responsibilities are somewhat based upon some fundamental organic determinism; a viewpoint that views biology as being destiny. Consequently, females have had the principal responsibility of housework and parenting, with men being the wage earners. Even presently, males outnumber females in government and business and women and girls are not as powerfully urged to practice occupations in science, technology and math as are men and boys. Essentialists hold that gender is the same as sex, or that the two concepts are naturally-derived (God-given) and indivisible. Gender and observable sex indicators, such as, vagina and penis are inseparable. This theory holds that merely two gender types exist from birth and they are not altered throughout life. No continuum exists between these two genders since any appearances or behaviors not coherent with such suppositions are considered as being perverse. Essentialism holds that females are dissimilar with men owing to their anatomy, particularly their minor sex traits, hormones plus reproductive structures. Gender disparities in verbal capability and visuo-spatial, aggression plus other actions, as well as other mental and physical characteristics are attributed to pubertal or prenatal hormone contact. Essentialist stances may exist within developmental psychobiological, sociological, neuropsychological and ethological work. Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) female and male brain picture Disparities or other mental aspects, for instance, are at times regarded as mirroring inborn disparities. Gender disparities in spatial, verbal and Mathematical capabilities are usually regarded as being organically based (http://www. humboldt. edu/~mpw1/gender_theory/perspectives4. shtml). Constructivists hold that gender as well as sex are derived from social relations and do not exist without social contact. It admits social influences upon persons’ gender. It assumes that manhood or womanhood implies endorsing some general function unique to an individual’s sex. Personal uniqueness, sexual inclination, as well as modes of socially interacting is determined by some set of individual constructs. This implies that gender and sex do not have natural foundations because nature itself is essentially socially defined. The constructivist quality of Gender and sex is rendered invisible through typical social life dynamics and this makes the two notions seem natural as opposed to artificial (Gergen, 2007). Persons construct fresh knowledge, through assimilation and accommodation processes, out of the experiences they undergo. Assimilation involves integrating fresh experiences into previously existent frameworks with no alteration of such frameworks. Such events could happen when person’s experiences reflect their inner world representations; however, they may as well happen whenever alteration of some defective understanding happens, for instance persons may fail to detect events, could misinterpret others input, or could conclude that some occurrence is offer some unimportant information regarding the world. On the contrary, whenever persons’ experiences disagree with their inner representations, they could alter their viewpoints of such experiences with a view to conforming to their inner representations. Accommodation involves restructuring ones intellectual outside world interpretation to suit fresh experiences (Glasser, Smith, 2008). It is the means though which learning emanates from failure. When persons act based on the anticipation that the world functions in some specific way only for such expectations to be violated, such individuals usually fail. However, through accommodating such fresh experience as well as restructuring their model regarding the functioning of the world, persons learn through experiencing disappointment or the failure of others. . Constructivists suggest that gender representations systematize an individual’s personality uniqueness, social awareness and interpersonal actions. The notion of classifying as either female or male is the vital initial action in the classification of human beings following birth, and owing to contemporary technological advances, even some months prior to birth. Sexual inclination; whether bisexual, homosexual or heterosexual, at puberty it too viewed as a vital gender representation element that is vital to interpersonal actions and societal lives (Rosser, 2003). Men interact with the world as persons within hierarchical communal order whereby they are either placed down or up. Conversations in Such worlds comprise of negotiations whereby persons attempt to attain and uphold the dominant position when they can, as well as shield themselves from the attempts of others to shove them about and drag them down. Life, in such circumstances comprises of some contest or efforts to uphold autonomy and evade failure. Women approach the world as individual within some system of linkages. Ni such a world, dialogues comprise of consultations for intimacy whereby persons attempt to look for and offer support and confirmation, as well as to arrive at a consensus. Persons attempt to shield themselves from the attempts of others to drive them farther. Therefore, life consists of some community and efforts to uphold intimacy as well as evade segregation. Despite the fact that hierarchies exists in such world too, such hierarchies are associated more with friendship as opposed to accomplishment and power (http://openlearn. open. ac. uk/mod/resource/view. php? id=166569). Females too are inclined towards attaining status as well as evading failure, however, such objectives do not occupy all of their time, and women seem to seek for such goals while disguised as maintaining connection. Men too are inclined to attaining participation as well as evading segregation, however, they do not focus on such objectives; they seem to seek for them while disguised ads opposing them. Thus, Women and men seek entirely different entities during communication, and they as well functions as per varied rules. Men’s self-worth originates form the capacity to attain outcomes; whereas women’s self-esteem originates form her sensations as well as the fineness of their relationships. Therefore, women fair better in personal contact and communication; communication has primary significance (Armstrong, 2006). For womenfolk, relationships take precedence over technology and work. Individual expression, particularly regarding their emotions, is extremely crucial. Sharing of personal emotions has greater significance than attaining goals as well as success. Interpersonal contact and talk grants tremendous satisfaction. References Armstrong, A. (2006). Foucault and feminism. Retrieved on 25th May 2009 from http://www. iep. utm. edu/f/foucfem. htm. Clancy. (August 7th 2004). Essentialism: draft of 3W encyclopedia entry. Culturecat. Retrieved on May 25, 2009 from http://culturecat. net/node/486. Gergen, M. (2007). Positioning in general relations: from constructivism to constructionism. Retrieved on May 25, 2009 form http://74. 125. 95. 132/search? q=cache:rvPREfxYUt8J:www. taosinstitute. net/Websites/taos/Images/ResourcesManuscripts/manu_gergen_01. doc+constructivist/constructivism+views/approaches+on+gendercd=8hl=enct=clnk. Glasser, H. M Smith III, J. P (June 30th 2008). On the vague meaning of â€Å"gender† in education research: the problem, its source, and recommendations for practice. http://74. 125. 95. 132/search? q=cache:KNx-Y-ZIM_EJ:aera. net/uploadedFiles/Publications/Journals/Educational_Researcher/3706/09EDR08-343. pdf+Compare+%26+contrast/ANALYZE+the+essentialist+view+%26+the+constructivist+views+on+gendercd=3hl=enct=clnk. Humbolt edu. Perspective used to look at gender. Retrieved on May 25, 2009

Dynamics Of Loudspeakers English Language Essay

Dynamics Of Loudspeakers English Language Essay The loudspeaker speakers are mostly designed for commercial purposes and the manufacturers care less about the quality of the sound production. Countless designs are available in the market and the customers counter a great difficulty to choose the right type of loudspeakers. Usually, the loudspeaker speakers are picked up due to their style, size, amount of bass and the variety of frequencies they produce. The speakers have wide range of designs and their corresponding prices. The competitors are working hard to introduce newer designs and better technology with innovative inventions and affordable prices. Nevertheless, the box loudspeaker speakers are the standard devices upon which minor modifications are based upon every new model. These devices also help in tackling box radiation and non uniform power response. Basic purpose of the loudspeaker speakers is to create the auditory signals and the sound waves. This function is performed by the microphones to the hi-tech loudspeaker speakers. Nevertheless, it is very important to establish a balance between on axis frequency response and the waveform fidelity. And they can be attained for a sole listening point. Otherwise, the distortion can easily destroy the sound quality. Moreover, the off axis frequency response should also be the design goal, although, it is often neglected. All these measures help in the creation of natural timbre and any imbalance may cause the distortion due to the disharmonious effect of high and low frequencies. Similarly, there are line source speakers to avoid nonlinear distortions meaning the distortions or the sounds not originally present in the frequencies. The constant directivity speakers and the non directivity speakers and omni-directional speakers are other options that interact with the surrounding and may solve the issues involved in box sound radiation. Here the dipole radiator may also help to handle the lowest frequency sounds. However, all these factors are highly influenced by the range and the placement of the sound emitting systems. The cross over speakers include the tweeter and the woofer in almost countless combinations. Likewise, the wireless speaker is another variation. All these need power sources and batteries and amplifiers as the airwaves help transfer the incoming signals. Multiple speakers of various ranges of sounds also have numerous advantages. Since, they have the capacity to reproduce voices, music and sounds. The transducers or the drivers may be used in more numbers to manage sound pressure or attain maximum accuracy and to produce a variety of frequency ranges. There are also subwoofers, woofers, mid range speakers, and tweeters which are especially designed and optimized for very high sound frequencies. It is to be kept in mind that all these devices are manufactured in numerous designs according to specific applications. Henceforth, there are various types and combinations of speakers and numerous ways to tackle distortions. To conclude, these models and the sound systems are available in the market under different banners and brands. Developmental phases of loudspeakers The journey of the development of the loudspeaker speakers begin with landmark invention of Graham Bell, when he installed the very first electric loudspeaker in his telephone in 1876. This was followed by J. P. Reis who did likewise in 1861 that could produce pure tones and speech sound also. In this regard, Ernst Siemens and Nikola Tesla also contributed with their valuable services. In the early phase, compressed air and metal horns were used to amplify sounds. Since then the models have undergone innumerable modifications in sizes, shapes and applications. Oliver Lodge was the one who introduced moving coil or the dynamic driver loudspeaker speakers. However, Peter Jensen and Edwin Pridham applied moving coil loudspeaker in practice. Nevertheless, their product could not be sold to the commercial companies and they assumed the public name for their product called Magnavox. In 1924, the moving coil as found in direct radiators was patented. They adjusted the mechanical parameters to the resonance and low frequency. The early loudspeaker speakers utilized the electromagnets as the larger magnets were quite expensive. The current passage used to energize the electromagnets coil when the pair of connections was attached to the driver. Thus, they served the dual purpose of filtering the power supply and improving the functioning of loudspeaker speakers. In 1930s, the focus was shifted to improve the frequency response and the pressure of sound. The Shearer Horn system was introduced in the theaters which had a single multi cellular horn having 15 low frequency drivers. Nonetheless, there have been several improvements in the mechanism and the functions of loudspeaker speakers. Efforts have been made to improve the loudspeakers efficiency. It can be explained as the output of the sound power as compared to the input of the electrical input. Typically, one percent of the electrical energy is transformed into the acoustic energy and it also happens that this percentage is not very high. The rest of the energy is converted to heat energy. And this is the hurdle for which speakers closure designs are used. This system helps to attain a normal balance between acoustic impedance and the heat radiation. The efficiency is also related to the loudspeakers frequency management. If we take the example of the frequency input, if it decreases the output of the woofer driver will also decrease. However, the sensitivity and the efficiency of the loudspeaker are highly dependent upon the environment. There are complex factors which are at times beyond the manufacturers control. If the environment is reflective, then all the factors meaning the size, shape, volume and furnishings have their effects upon the speakers and their performance. It is also inferred that the sounds reaching the ears of the listeners are a combination of the actual sounds and the reflected sounds also. Thus the mechanism and the complexities of the speaker system always have a vast horizon to be explored. The fruitfulness of loudspeaker speakers In recent years, there has been a vigorous research that is conducted on the radiation of the sound sources. The point source is the typical radiation source for the loudspeaker speakers. It is usually a small point that may increase or decrease in size while emitting sound waves. Almost all of the objects, including the loudspeaker speakers, have such combinations of simple point sources. Nevertheless, the radiation pattern of the single point source and the combination of point sources is different. The distance and the orientation between the sources largely influence these patterns. Similarly, a planer source radiates sounds for low frequencies at uniform level. Also, the smaller the diver, the higher would be the frequency output. Mostly, the electrostatic and the planar magnetic designs of the loudspeaker speakers are based on these patterns of behavior. In this regard, the directivity is a significant matter that establishes a balance between the sound that is heard and the interacting sounds in the surroundings. The loudspeaker speakers which are perpendicular to their face cause the reverberation lacking in higher frequency which appears to be deficient in treble although, measuring sounder on the axis level. The extremely directive speakers at higher frequency appear to be giving too much of the treble. These are some of the intricacies of the loudspeaker speakers. Coming to the uses of the loudspeakers, it can be safely said that they are used almost in every setting nowadays. Foremost utility is with the computers where innumerable tasks accomplished need be acoustically heard and verified. In business and education fields, the loudspeakers play a vital role where lessons, lectures, seminars and conferences can be heard with the help of loudspeakers. There is another advantage that lies in the convenient use of the loudspeakers. They are easy to handle and deal with. There can be easily attached to the devices like computer, television and the CD players etc. They support the listening without even looking at the screen of the computer and there is absolutely no need to read the written content. But two things should be kept in mind. There should be a proper place to keep the speakers. As compared to the microphones or the headphones, these loudspeakers take much space to be placed. Secondly, they offer greater facilitation in listening when there is nobody around or where there is complete privacy. The loudness of sound can be noisome for people and they may feel distracted in the course of their busy routine. However, the volume of the sound is adjustable which can be increased or decreased according to the need, settings and the environment. One of the other benefits is the availability of the sound system at the nearest doorstep. The prices may vary from low to high range so the customers have ample of options to choose from. They are available in a variety of sizes that can be selected from, according to the physical settings of the location. Thus, the great invention of the loudspeaker speakers has become a part of our everyday life and routine without which the daily activities remain incomplete. QUALITY ISSUES OF THE LOUDSPEAKERS Among the multifarious kinds and aspects related to the loudspeaker speakers, the electrostatics loudspeakers maintain a special position. They are the type where sounds are produced by the pressure exerted on the membrane present in the electrostatic field. The loudspeakers use a thin plastic sheet coated by the conductive material usually known as diaphragm. There has to be a stable and constant charge on the surface of the diaphragm instead of the continuous voltage. This is achieved by carefully placing a large value resistor and the selection of the conductive material. Mostly, two grids drive the diaphragm placed at both the sides in electrostatic loudspeaker speakers. The use of one grid results in the harmonic distortions and therefore, the two grids reduce the voltage dependent part of non linearity and enhances the efficiency of the charge dependent parts. In this way the problem of harmonic distortion is resolved. The significant role is played by the grids to induce the field strength. And in the same course it has to smoothen the flow of sound. For this purpose, the high voltage of the audio or sound signal is required. This is the type of loudspeaker speakers are high impedance instruments. In sharp contrast to the above mentioned device, the electro dynamic cone loudspeakers are low impedance forms. The merits of the speakers and particularly electrostatic speakers are numerous. They control the level of distortion and reduce it to the minimum magnitude and also they utilize the diaphragm of the lightest weight. They have the sophisticated frequency response and the better generation of the sounds. These types of loudspeaker speakers store less heat energy to be released later and improve the musical transparency. Such speakers have a range of designs to offer. They do not have the typical cross over filters. So they have a lesser tendency to transform the quality of the sounds and even distort the sound. There may arise the problem of low loud bass, that can be tackled through the hybrid or the dynamic speakers. The subwoofer is a solution to remedy low frequency issues, however, the electrostatic diaphragm can easily handle the higher frequencies. As a matter of fact, these loudspeakers have to be protected from the dust, moisture, insects, water, heat and other particles. These must be handled carefully as the current or any short circuit issue can be fatal. So the human beings and animals must avoid any physical contact to the high voltage parts of the sound system. Any excess of the harmful elements may also impair the functioning of the loud speakers. The current excess is also critical for the device. In case of such unpleasant events, repairs and the services have to be availed in order to restore the normal or qualitative functioning of the device. Loudspeaker and the placement issues The loudspeaker speakers refer to the drivers individually or the combination or many transducers. These are the devices that help to generate the sounds by converting the audio signals or the sound waves thus presenting in the form that the human ear can detect those frequencies in an audible form. These are the tools by which human beings can receive the message enclosed in the audio tapes or the softwares. These devices sufficiently reproduce the sounds so that the purpose of the communication is fulfilled and the meaning is conveyed. For instance, if someone listens to the music, the sound quality must be such that it pleases the ears and the human brain and ear can easily comprehend the notes of the music being played and understand the lyrics therein. These loudspeaker speakers range from the ordinary woofers and subwoofers to the most exotic forms of tweeters and super tweeters. There are speakers available having different applications and features. There are devices that have different inner mechanisms and outward structures. There are many systems that offer mid range or high range drivers. In case of the multiple drivers, there is a filter network usually termed as the cross over that segregates the input signals into various categories and then directs them into the relevant driver or the transducer. Hence, there are n-ways speakers which have n different frequency bands. It should be kept in mind that the two way loudspeaker speakers comprise of a woofer and the tweeter and the three way sound system involve the tweeter, a woofer and the mid-range. A good sound system has the maximum efficiency that is the minimum reliance upon the input or the electrical power and the greater generation of the output in terms of sounds. A good sound system also maintains equilibrium between the acoustic signals and output. The sound system should have the capacity to absorb, diffuse and adjust to the other sounds present in the environmental setting or react as the case may be. For instance, there may be settings with the empty or hollow surroundings or there may be venues full of draperies, ceilings or reflectors. In such a situation ideal loudspeaker speakers need to efficiently absorb or diffuse the distracting factors. Similarly, the management of resonance and the distortion determine the quality of the speakers. The lower the level of the distortion, the higher would be the quality of the speakers. In a similar vein, the small and medium sized areas have a strong impact upon the placement and the performance of the sound system and vice versa. Due to the distance among the physical objects and the speakers resonance is excited or subdued. The location of the listener and his distance with the loudspeaker speakers also determine the reception of the acoustic signals and the balance of the frequencies that are being perceived. Thus, these are some of the several factors that explain the co-relation of the location, placement and the functioning of the sound system. An ideal system does the effective management of these factors, and provide the best sound output at the same time while maintaining and displaying higher levels of efficiency.